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ASP.NET MVC – Razor


ASP.NET MVC – Razor Engine

Razor is a markup syntax that lets you embed server-based code into web pages using C#. It is not a programming language. It is a server side markup language.

Razor is one of the view engine supported in ASP.NET MVC. Razor allows you to write mix of HTML and server side code using C#. Razor view using C# syntax has .cshtml file extension.
Razor syntax has following Characteristics:
  • Compact: Razor syntax is compact which enables you to minimize number of characters and keystrokes required to write a code.
  • Easy to Learn: Razor syntax is easy to learn where you can use your familiar language C#.
  • Intellisense: Razor syntax supports statement completion within Visual Studio.
Razor has no ties to ASP.NET MVC because Razor is a general-purpose templating engine. You can use it anywhere to generate output like HTML. It's just that ASP.NET MVC has implemented a view engine that allows us to use Razor inside of an MVC application to produce HTML.

Razor Vs ASPX

·        Razor is very similar to how ASPX (classic ASP pages) files work. ASPX files are templates, which contain literal text and some C# code that specifies where your data should appear. We execute those to generate the HTML for our application.
·        ASPX files have a dependency on the ASP.NET runtime to be available to parse and execute those ASPX files. Razor has no such dependencies.

Main Razor Syntax Rules for C#

ü Razor code blocks are enclosed in @{ ... }
ü Inline expressions (variables and functions) start with @
ü Code statements end with semicolon
ü Variables are declared with the var keyword
ü Strings are enclosed with quotation marks
ü C# code is case sensitive
ü C# files have the extension .cshtml

Let’s learn to use razor View


Inline expression


We start with @ symbol to write server side C# code with Html code. For example, write @variable_name to display a value of a server side variable. Write @DateTime.Now to display current datetime as shown below. A single line expression does not require a semicolon at the end of the expression.

Razor Syntax (C#)

<h2>RazorTest</h2>
<span>@DateTime.Now.ToString()</span>
<h3>The above code displays current date and time</h3>

Code block with multiple statements


We can write multiple line of server side code enclosed in braces @{ ... }. Each line must ends with semicolon same as we do in C#.

Example of multiple statements to embed server side code into razor
 @{
    ViewBag.Title = "RazorTest";
    var date = DateTime.Now.ToLongDateString();
    var message = "Hello, C# Naija";
}

<h2>RazorTest</h2>
<h3>Today's Date is @date</h3>
<h3>We say @message to our fans</h3>

Model


We use @model to use model object anywhere in the view. But remember to import the model object you want to use with the @model and the object path as shown below

@model DatabaseFirstApproach.Models.employee

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "RazorTest";
    var date = DateTime.Now.ToLongDateString();
    var message = "Employee Details";
}

<h2>RazorTest</h2>
<h3>@message</h3>
<ul>
    <li>Employee Name: @Model.FirrstName</li>
    <li>Employee Phone Number: @Model.PhoneNumber</li>
    <li>Employee Address: @Model.Address</li>
</ul>

Variable Declarations


Declare a variable in a code block enclosed in brackets and then use those variables inside html with @ symbol.

@{
    var str = string.Empty;

    if (100 > 10)
    {
        str = "Hello, C# naija!";
    }
}

<p>@str</p>


Remember the following


Use @ to write server side code.
 Server side code block starts with @{* code * }
 Use @: or <text></<text> to display text from code block.
 if condition starts with @if{ }
 for loop starts with @for
 @model allows you to use model object anywhere in the view.


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